代码实例展示Java和Kotlin有哪些区别？
自从谷歌 I/O 2017宣布将支持 Kotlin 作为 Android 开发的 First-Class 语言，相信各位程序员的朋友圈都被Kotlin的消息轰炸了吧，支持Java的“守旧派”认为Java将稳坐霸主地位不动摇，支持Kotlin的“维新派”认为Kotlin很可能会把Java拉下马。其实，笔者认为新语言的出现对于程序员来说并不是一件新鲜事儿，程序员始终践行着“活到老，学到老”，真正能够对程序员产生影响的新语言的使用和性能。
GitHub 用户amitshekhariitbhu在GitHub上贴图分享了Java和Kotlin的语法区别，下面我们就一起来看一下吧!
Java
System.out.print("Amit Shekhar");
System.out.println("Amit Shekhar");
Kotlin
print("Amit Shekhar")
println("Amit Shekhar")
Java
String name = "Amit Shekhar"; final String name = "Amit Shekhar";
Kotlin
var name = "Amit Shekhar" val name = "Amit Shekhar"
Java
String otherName; otherName = null;
Kotlin
var otherName : String? otherName = null
Java
if (text != null) {
int length = text.length();
}
Kotlin
text?.let {
val length = text.length
}
Java
String firstName = "Amit"; String lastName = "Shekhar"; String message = "My name is: " + firstName + " " + lastName;
Kotlin
val firstName = "Amit" val lastName = "Shekhar" val message = "My name is: $firstName $lastName"
Java
String text = "First Line\n" +
"Second Line\n" +
"Third Line";
Kotlin
val text = """
|First Line
|Second Line
|Third Line
""".trimMargin()
Java
String text = x > 5 ? "x > 5" : "x <= 5";
Kotlin
val text = if (x > 5)
"x > 5"
else "x <= 5"
Java
if (object instanceof Car) {
}
Car car = (Car) object;
Kotlin
if (object is Car) {
}
var car = object as Car
Java
if (object instanceof Car) {
Car car = (Car) object;
}
Kotlin
if (object is Car) {
var car = object // smart casting
}
Java
if (score >= 0 && score <= 300) { }
Kotlin
if (score in 0..300) { }
Java
int score = // some score;
String grade;
switch (score) {
case 10:
case 9:
grade = "Excellent";
break;
case 8:
case 7:
case 6:
grade = "Good";
break;
case 5:
case 4:
grade = "Ok";
break;
case 3:
case 2:
case 1:
grade = "Fail";
break;
default:
grade = "Fail";
}
Kotlin
var score = // some score
var grade = when (score) {
9, 10 -> "Excellent"
in 6..8 -> "Good"
4, 5 -> "Ok"
in 1..3 -> "Fail"
else -> "Fail"
}
Java
for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) { }
for (int i = 1; i < 10 ; i++) { }
for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i--) { }
for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i+=2) { }
for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i-=2) { }
for (String item : collection) { }
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: map.entrySet()) { }
Kotlin
for (i in 1..10) { }
for (i in 1 until 10) { }
for (i in 10 downTo 0) { }
for (i in 1..10 step 2) { }
for (i in 10 downTo 1 step 2) { }
for (item in collection) { }
for ((key, value) in map) { }
Java
final List<Integer> listOfNumber = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "Amit");
map.put(2, "Ali");
map.put(3, "Mindorks");
// Java 9
final List<Integer> listOfNumber = List.of(1, 2, 3, 4);
final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = Map.of(1, "Amit",
2, "Ali",
3, "Mindorks");
Kotlin
val listOfNumber = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)
val keyValue = mapOf(1 to "Amit",
2 to "Ali",
3 to "Mindorks")
Java
// Java 7 and below
for (Car car : cars) {
System.out.println(car.speed);
}
// Java 8+
cars.forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));
// Java 7 and below
for (Car car : cars) {
if (car.speed > 100) {
System.out.println(car.speed);
}
}
// Java 8+
cars.stream().filter(car -> car.speed > 100).forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));
Kotlin
cars.forEach {
println(it.speed)
}
cars.filter { it.speed > 100 }
.forEach { println(it.speed)}
Java
void doSomething() {
// logic here
}
Kotlin
fun doSomething() {
// logic here
}
Java
void doSomething(int... numbers) {
// logic here
}
Kotlin
fun doSomething(vararg numbers: Int) {
// logic here
}
Java
int getScore() {
// logic here
return score;
}
Kotlin
fun getScore(): Int {
// logic here
return score
}
// as a single-expression function
fun getScore(): Int = score
Java
int getScore(int value) {
// logic here
return 2 * value;
}
Kotlin
fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
// logic here
return 2 * value
}
// as a single-expression function
fun getScore(value: Int): Int = 2 * value
Java
public class Utils {
private Utils() {
// This utility class is not publicly instantiable
}
public static int getScore(int value) {
return 2 * value;
}
}
Kotlin
class Utils private constructor() {
companion object {
fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
return 2 * value
}
}
}
// other way is also there
object Utils {
fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
return 2 * value
}
}
Java
public class Developer {
private String name;
private int age;
public Developer(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Developer developer = (Developer) o;
if (age != developer.age) return false;
return name != null ? name.equals(developer.name) : developer.name == null;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0;
result = 31 * result + age;
return result;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Developer{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
Kotlin
data class Developer(var name: String, var age: Int)
Java
public class Utils {
private Utils() {
// This utility class is not publicly instantiable
}
public static int triple(int value) {
return 3 * value;
}
}
int result = Utils.triple(3);
Kotlin
fun Int.triple(): Int {
return this * 3
}
var result = 3.triple()
你也许感兴趣的：
- 【外评】不要把 Rust 写成 Java
- “甲骨文牌”Java正在死亡
- 您现在可以像运行 Python 一样运行 Java
- 从 Java 8 迁移到 Java 17 （二）：Java 中值得注意的 API 变化
- 从 Java 8 迁移到 Java 17：新功能大汇总
- Oracle 再夺 Java 命？大公司用 Java 要小心了！
- 【程序员搞笑图片】java haters
- Java 22 新功能特性及示例
- Java 22 中最令人兴奋的 3 个功能
- 【译文】Java 21 – Kotlin 是否正在消亡？
你对本文的反应是：